Identifying Characteristics
Habitat: | Hornbeam grows in moist, fertile soils of bottomland hardwoods on the edges of swamps, streams, and rivers. Other associated species include hophornbeam, red maple, sweetgum, alder, redbud, cypress, and sumac. |
Size/Form: | Hornbeam is a small to medium tree that reaches heights of 15' to 25'. It has a bushy crown and a fluted trunk that resembles the muscles in a flexed arm. |
Bark: | The blue-gray to grayish-brown bark is tight, thin, and smooth. |
Leaves: | The leaves are simple, alternately arranged, deciduous, and 2" to 4" long by 1" to 2" wide. The ovate shaped leaves usually have smooth blue-green upper surfaces, while the underneath surfaces are light yellowish-green and fuzzy near the main vein. The leaf base is wedged, sometimes unequal, and the tip tapers to a long point. The leaf margin is doubly serrated with pointed teeth. |
Fruit: | The fruit is a small wingless, ribbed nut that is subtended by a 3-lobed leaf-like bract that is 9/10" to 1 1/5" long. The fruits are clustered on 3" to 6" long hanging stalks. |
Similar Trees on the Florida 4-H Forest Ecology Contest List:
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